Thursday, January 31, 2013

NC Health Insurance | Carolina Review

Who?s to blame for increasing costs?

by: Mauricio Barreto

Health insurance costs for college students are rising, and they are rising quickly. President Obama?s healthcare law, known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is going to experience its largest implementations in the coming year, and the effects can already be seen.

Tom Ross, president of the University of North Carolina System was the first to mention any impact this would have on students in the UNC university system in a letter he wrote to the board of governors about health insurance cost increases. In the letter Ross writes, ?Based on more than three semesters of actual claims experience, as well as the new provisions of the Affordable Care Act, we are facing large increases in premiums for our students.? Further on in the letter Ross describes how the average costs would rise over 50% in order to continue to provide the same ?quality coverage? at ?comparatively low rates?. In essence Ross described the beginning of the ACA?s direct effect on a typical student, but there is still so much about the new law that has not been fleshed out.

On June 28, 2012 the Supreme Court redefined the original proposal Obama had hoped in the passing of the Affordable Care Act. While the original mandate of making the purchase of healthcare a requirement for all was upheld, the Supreme Court changed the law by making the expansion of the Medicaid program under the Affordable Care Act a state option. What this essentially means is that each individual state can now choose whether or not to accept responsibility for the ACA Medicaid enrollment requirements coverage, or choose to opt out of it, which would mean the federal government would have to assume responsibility.

Under the Medicaid expansion anyone 133% above the deferral poverty line will be able to claim coverage, meaning that 17 million uninsured would gain Medicaid coverage under the ACA. With the intended state option, the federal government hoped that the states would share the costs of implementing the plan with the states, but now that states can choose to overturn it, this is no longer a guarantee. Now each state has the choice to accept this provision to expand Medicaid, in which the federal government will cover the total cost for three years, then slowly decrease in how much it pays over time as the state begins to claim more and more responsibility. With the Supreme Court decisions however, states can now opt out, and North Carolina is one of the states that is considering such an option.

The big push behind such opposition to the ACA runs under one clear argument. If states choose to set up exchanges, then they are essentially assuming the costs and responsibilities of the ACA without any of the autonomy over it. In essence the states would be acting as co-owners of the ACA for better or for worse, and in the case that things go awry the state officials will have to take some of the heat. For this reason many states have decided to opt out completely, or devise alternative plans to allow the federal government to control the plan they so preciously wanted to enact, even though hardly anyone knows what it will do.

Prior to the November elections, former Governor Bev Perdue stated that she wanted to choose a state-federal partnership method to introduce the ACA into the state of North Carolina.? This made North Carolina one of the six states to choose such option, and join the ranks of an additional 18 states that completely denied to have a state exchange whatsoever. As more and more states decline to set up the state run exchange, the more responsible the federal government is for the Medicare expansion, which they will have to set up and run on their own.

In the state-federal partnership method that Bev Perdue threw support for, the state of North Carolina would divide the responsibilities of expansion of the ACA with the federal government. This will mean that the federal government will essentially perform all the functions of exchange management in the ACA while the state is something the consumers merely interact with. Essentially the government has to do all the heavy work and the states can oversee ?customer service?. This is the plan that Bev Perdue, our prior governor who adamantly supported the ACA, decided to go with. Basically she wanted to support the bill, without assuming any responsibility for it.

Interestingly enough in November, with the election, North Carolina made its voice heard and Pat McCrory was elected governor. As someone opposed to the ACA the current stance that North Carolina has taken on healthcare might see a shift in the coming months. Pat McCrory in his campaign was in favor of completely opting out of the expansions in the ACA and this is something that we might see occurring in the coming weeks. In this transition phase however, Pat McCrory hasn?t made any final decisions yet.? He has made it known that he will look at the implications of the Medicaid expansion and make a decision from there, as any responsible leader should do.

According to the Congressional Budget Offices most recent annual report, ?continued growth in spending for health care and retirement programs will cause mandatory outlays to increase faster than the economy, reaching 14.4 percent of GDP in 2022?. On top of this, the report described that Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid will account for about 55% of all federal spending within the next decade with the influence of the ACA. While the federal government hoped that the new state requirement expansion of Medicaid would remove some of the financial burden put into place by the ACA, the states simply won?t have it. North Carolina, along with over 20 other states have all taken a stand against the government placing this financial burden on them, under a law that no one has yet to been able to completely understand.

Even Bev Perdue, in support of the ACA wouldn?t allow North Carolina to claim ownership of the expansion requirement, and Pat McCrory will presumably take an even stronger approach against it. The states do not want to be overhauled with new regulations, requirements, and financial burdens under a law that is simply not sustainable.

Medicare and other welfare programs are growing at an unprecedented rate, almost making up half of the CBO?s projected federal spending within the next ten years. North Carolina is one state among many to take a stand against assuming ownership of the irresponsible spending of the federal government, and they have done so without trying to cover it up. So the next time you wonder why the bill for your student health insurance is so large, it is not the University, the state governor, or even the state of North Carolina that is to blame, it is the federal government. North Carolina has taken its stand against the Affordable Care Act, as it begins to take full effect this year.

http://img.allvoices.com/thumbs/image/609/609/93532547-treading-water.jpg

Source: http://carolinareview.org/2013/01/nc-health-insurance/

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Kim Kardashian Baby Bump: It's Popped!!!

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/01/kim-kardashian-baby-bump-its-popped/

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Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Footprints in the Snow ? Michigan Wildlife Viewing in the Winter ...

Fox tracks in the snowFeeling cooped up this winter? Take a walk outside and become a nature detective. Looking for signs of animal activity, like tracks, can be fun year-round, but can be especially exciting in the winter. ?Just head outside and look for tracks in the snow, then follow them and see where they lead. You might find out where an animal is spending the winter or what the animal has been eating, or the trail might just take you for a long, pretty walk in the woods. Deer, rabbits, squirrels and fox are just a few examples of critters whose tracks you may come across on your adventures out in the snow. You can learn a lot about wildlife in your own backyard or favorite hiking place.

Before you go out, you might want to gather some supplies that might come in handy. Things like a field guide, notebook, pencil, ruler and camera are helpful tools to identify the tracks you see.

?Tips for identifying tracks:

  1. Look at the overall size and shape of the track. Draw a picture of it in your notebook or take a photo of the track with a ruler next to it for reference. Is the track circular in shape or more long and oval? Is there only one track or are there multiple tracks? If there are multiple tracks, what does the pattern look like?
  2. Look at the details of the track. How many toes does the track have? Do you see any toenail marks or toe pads? Perhaps the footprint looks like hooves? Make notes about your observation in your notebook.
  3. Observe what kind of habitat you found the tracks in. Take note of what the weather is like. By following the tracks, did you discover anything interesting? A nest? A feeding site? Different tracks?
  4. Have fun! Even if you don?t know exactly what kind of animal tracks you have found, enjoy guessing and seeing what other clues the tracks lead you to!

?There are a lot of books and online resources to get you started or to hone your track-identifying skills. A field guide is always a great place to start.

See if you know your animal tracks ? take the online tracks quiz.

How can you help ensure that there are wildlife and trails to follow?

With increased funding to the Nongame Wildlife Fund,?the Michigan DNR?can continue their efforts to conserve Michigan?s wildlife. Join in protecting the natural, wild and wonderful things that make MiNature.

Comments

comments

Source: http://roscoweekly.com/footprints-in-the-snow-michigan-wildlife-viewing-in-the-winter/

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9.9 Earthquake in Default Servicing Turns California Into Judicial Foreclosure State - Mandelman Matters

It wasn't the law that had stopped Nevada's foreclosures so abruptly, it was the potential liability... the potential of being fined $5,000 and criminally charged if something weren't done right that had done it. I mean... what if I offered you $1200 to handle a foreclosure for me, but all of a sudden a state law made it potentially something that could end up costing me $5,000? How many would you want to do for $1200, if you could potentially lose $5,000 on each one? Not many, no question about it.

And California's HBR was much worse in terms of POTENTIAL liability... it could cost a party attempting to foreclose $50,000 under the worst of circumstances. And not only that, but California's HBR said that if the homeowner was granted a Temporary Restraining Order, or TRO, to stop a foreclosure or trustee sale... frankly something not all that difficult to do... then the homeowner would be awarded legal fees even if not awarded other damages... and that alone could be tens of thousands of dollars or even more.

...

"The only exemption from the HBR requirements, thus avoiding litigation and liability, is to file a Judicial Foreclosure on all first trust deeds on single family residences which are owner occupied."

Source: http://bankimplode.com/viewnews/2013-01-30_99EarthquakeinDefaultServicingTurnsCaliforniaIntoJudicialForeclo.html

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Enjoy music from three speakers in three rooms, controlled by one Bluetooth device

B?m Wireless recently introduced their speaker trio, a set of three wireless speakers that let you share music from a single Bluetooth device to your entire party. ?The speaker trio is a set of three 6″ cubes that are wirelessly connected to a single base. ?The base also serves as a conductive charger for the [...]

Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2013/01/30/enjoy-music-from-three-speakers-in-three-rooms-controlled-by-one-bluetooth-device/

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Tuesday, January 29, 2013

CNN's managing editor Whitaker to leave network

(Reuters) - CNN's managing editor, Mark Whitaker, said he will be leaving the cable network, two months after CNN tapped Jeff Zucker, the former CEO of NBC Universal, to be the news channel's worldwide chief.

Whitaker, in a memo to CNN staff, wrote that Zucker "deserves his own team and management structure and the freedom to communicate one clear vision to the staff." Reuters obtained a copy of the memo on Tuesday.

CNN, which is owned by Time Warner Inc, has been struggling with poor ratings. Its prime-time ratings hit historical lows last year, losing out to both Fox and MSNBC.

Whitaker called Zucker, who moved to CNN earlier this month, a "leader with his own forceful ideas about where to take CNN's reporting, programming and brand."

Zucker and Whitaker had worked together at NBC, where Whitaker was a senior vice president and Washington bureau chief at NBC News.

Whitaker has been managing editor of CNN since January 2011. He helped attract talent to CNN such as globe-trotting food personality Anthony Bourdain and documentary maker Morgan Spurlock. He also previously served as the editor of Newsweek from 1998 to 2006.

Since its beginnings as the first 24-hour cable news network, CNN has committed to a nonpartisan approach to programming, a position that some have described as a "view from nowhere" and blamed for the network's ratings erosion.

CNN has lagged Fox and MSNBC in prime-time viewership for more than a year, drawing fewer than 1 million U.S. prime-time viewers compared with about 2.7 million for Fox and about 1.5 million viewers for MSNBC, according to ratings data.

CNN now appears to be attempting a makeover. Zucker has been ushering in a wave of talent changes. The network announced on Tuesday that Chris Cuomo, a former news anchor on ABC's "Good Morning America" and "20/20," will have a "major role" in a new morning show on CNN.

Jake Tapper, a former chief White House correspondent for ABC will also have a new weekday program on CNN.

(Reporting By Liana B. Baker; Editing by Leslie Adler)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cnns-managing-editor-whitaker-leave-network-163928742--finance.html

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Google maps out North Korea with crowd-sourced data

4 hrs.

While Google Maps feels like a solid mapping solution, it has some blank spots?? ?particularly when it comes to regions such as?North Korea. But that's all changing thanks to a group of "citizen cartographers" and a tool which allows Google to incorporate crowd-sourced map data into its product.

As?Jayanth Mysore, a senior product manager working on the Google Map Maker project,?explains in a post on the official Google Maps blog, the Map Maker tool?has been around since 2008 and allowed users to "update the maps of the areas they know, and improve their level of detail and accuracy." Crowdsourced data like this is how Google "will build the modern map," Mysore adds, reiterating that without these details, map data is currently "very limited" in some parts of the world.

Efforts to map out North Korea have been made over the last few years, but on Monday, Google was finally ready to officially update the region on Google Maps. "We know this map is not perfect," Mysore acknowledges. "We encourage people from around the world to continue helping us improve the quality of these maps for everyone with Google Map Maker." He adds that, from now on, any further "approved" updates to the North Korean maps will also appear on Google Maps.

The Wall Street Journal's Evan Ramstad points out?that the update of North Korea on Google Maps comes about three weeks after Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt visited the area (though a Google spokesperson tells NBC News that the visit was unrelated to the timing of the Google Maps update).?During his time in the country, "Schmidt encouraged officials he met in North Korea to make the Internet available to its citizens and end its attempts to restrict information," Ramstad writes.?The Verge's Sam Byford reminds?that Internet access in North Korea remains quite restricted nonetheless, and that odds are that the "vast majority of North Korean citizens" won't be able to access Google's freshly updated maps.

The crowd-sourced cartography includes mass transit, monuments and parks, as well as North Korea's massive gulags, which are signified on Google Maps with a slightly different shading. ?As?the Atlantic notes, "Naturally, the Hwasong Gulag, like any place on Google, already has some jokesters reviewing its?accommodations."?

Mysore dances around these detail in his blog post, and instead focuses on who will be able to take advantage of the information. "While many people around the globe are fascinated with North Korea," he writes, "these maps are especially important for the citizens of South Korea who have ancestral connections or still have family living there."

Want more tech news?or interesting?links? You'll get plenty of both if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on?Twitter, subscribing to her?Facebook?posts,?or circling her?on?Google+.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/google-maps-out-north-korea-crowd-sourced-data-1C8157346

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'Moral realism' may lead to better moral behavior

'Moral realism' may lead to better moral behavior [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Patti Delaney
patricia.delaney@bc.edu
Boston College

New report by Boston College researchers

CHESTNUT HILL, Mass. Getting people to think about morality as a matter of objective facts rather than subjective preferences may lead to improved moral behavior, Boston College researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

In two experiments, one conducted in-person and the other online, participants were primed to consider a belief in either moral realism (the notion that morals are like facts) or moral antirealism (the belief that morals reflect people's preferences) during a solicitation for a charitable donation. In both experiments, those primed with moral realism pledged to give more money to the charity than those primed with antirealism or those not primed at all.

"There is significant debate about whether morals are processed more like objective facts, like mathematical truths, or more like subjective preferences similar to whether vanilla or chocolate tastes better," said lead researcher Liane Young, assistant professor of psychology at Boston College. "We wanted to explore the impact of these different meta-ethical views on actual behavior."

Ideas have previously been advanced on the subject, but Young and her former research assistant A.J. Durwin, now a law student at Hofstra University, are the first to directly investigate the question.

In one experiment, a street canvasser attempted to solicit donations from passersby for a charity that aids impoverished children. Participants in one set were asked a leading question to prime a belief in moral realism: "Do you agree that some things are just morally right or wrong, good or bad, wherever you happen to be from in the world?" Those in a second set were asked a question to prime belief in moral antirealism: "Do you agree that our morals and values are shaped by our culture and upbringing, so there are no absolute right answers to any moral questions?" Participants in a control set were not asked any priming question.

In this experiment, participants primed with realism were twice as likely to be donors, compared to those primed with antirealism or not primed at all.

A second experiment, conducted online, yielded similar results. Participants asked to donate money to a charity of their choice who were primed with realism reported being willing to give more than those primed with antirealism or not primed at all.

"Priming participants to consider the notion that morals are like facts increased decisions to donate in both experiments, revealing the potential impact of meta-ethical views on everyday decision-making," said Young. "Simply asking participants to consider moral values, as we did with the antirealism prime, did not produce an effect," she said, "so priming morality in general may not necessarily lead to better behavior. Considering the existence of non-negotiable moral facts may have raised the stakes and motivated participants to behave better."

Since "real" moral stakes may be accompanied by "real" consequences whether good (e.g., helping others, enhanced self-esteem) or bad (e.g., retribution), priming a belief in moral realism may in fact prompt people to behave better, in line with their existing moral beliefs, the researchers say.

The researchers note that priming a belief in moral realism may enhance moral behavior under certain conditions such as when the right thing to do is relatively unambiguous (e.g., it is good to be generous). A different outcome could be possible when subjects are faced with more controversial moral issues, they say.

Liane Young's research frequently focuses on the psychology and neuroscience of moral judgment and behavior. In 2012, she was awarded a Sloan Research Fellowship from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and was named a Dana Neuroscience Scholar by the Dana Foundation, which also awarded her a three-year grant to support her study of brain activity and moral decision-making in individuals with autism, a project that will provide a valuable research opportunity for BC undergraduates. In addition, she received the 2011 Early Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Social Neuroscience from the Society for Social Neuroscience, among other honors.

Her research on attributions of responsibility to groups (e.g., corporations) versus members of groups was published in the journal Psychological Science in 2012; she is also co-author of a study of moral judgments in adults with autism that was reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

###

The study, "Moral Realism as Moral Motivation: The Impact of Meta-Ethics on Everyday Decision-Making," was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. It appears in the March 2013 print edition of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.11.013.


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


'Moral realism' may lead to better moral behavior [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Patti Delaney
patricia.delaney@bc.edu
Boston College

New report by Boston College researchers

CHESTNUT HILL, Mass. Getting people to think about morality as a matter of objective facts rather than subjective preferences may lead to improved moral behavior, Boston College researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

In two experiments, one conducted in-person and the other online, participants were primed to consider a belief in either moral realism (the notion that morals are like facts) or moral antirealism (the belief that morals reflect people's preferences) during a solicitation for a charitable donation. In both experiments, those primed with moral realism pledged to give more money to the charity than those primed with antirealism or those not primed at all.

"There is significant debate about whether morals are processed more like objective facts, like mathematical truths, or more like subjective preferences similar to whether vanilla or chocolate tastes better," said lead researcher Liane Young, assistant professor of psychology at Boston College. "We wanted to explore the impact of these different meta-ethical views on actual behavior."

Ideas have previously been advanced on the subject, but Young and her former research assistant A.J. Durwin, now a law student at Hofstra University, are the first to directly investigate the question.

In one experiment, a street canvasser attempted to solicit donations from passersby for a charity that aids impoverished children. Participants in one set were asked a leading question to prime a belief in moral realism: "Do you agree that some things are just morally right or wrong, good or bad, wherever you happen to be from in the world?" Those in a second set were asked a question to prime belief in moral antirealism: "Do you agree that our morals and values are shaped by our culture and upbringing, so there are no absolute right answers to any moral questions?" Participants in a control set were not asked any priming question.

In this experiment, participants primed with realism were twice as likely to be donors, compared to those primed with antirealism or not primed at all.

A second experiment, conducted online, yielded similar results. Participants asked to donate money to a charity of their choice who were primed with realism reported being willing to give more than those primed with antirealism or not primed at all.

"Priming participants to consider the notion that morals are like facts increased decisions to donate in both experiments, revealing the potential impact of meta-ethical views on everyday decision-making," said Young. "Simply asking participants to consider moral values, as we did with the antirealism prime, did not produce an effect," she said, "so priming morality in general may not necessarily lead to better behavior. Considering the existence of non-negotiable moral facts may have raised the stakes and motivated participants to behave better."

Since "real" moral stakes may be accompanied by "real" consequences whether good (e.g., helping others, enhanced self-esteem) or bad (e.g., retribution), priming a belief in moral realism may in fact prompt people to behave better, in line with their existing moral beliefs, the researchers say.

The researchers note that priming a belief in moral realism may enhance moral behavior under certain conditions such as when the right thing to do is relatively unambiguous (e.g., it is good to be generous). A different outcome could be possible when subjects are faced with more controversial moral issues, they say.

Liane Young's research frequently focuses on the psychology and neuroscience of moral judgment and behavior. In 2012, she was awarded a Sloan Research Fellowship from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and was named a Dana Neuroscience Scholar by the Dana Foundation, which also awarded her a three-year grant to support her study of brain activity and moral decision-making in individuals with autism, a project that will provide a valuable research opportunity for BC undergraduates. In addition, she received the 2011 Early Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Social Neuroscience from the Society for Social Neuroscience, among other honors.

Her research on attributions of responsibility to groups (e.g., corporations) versus members of groups was published in the journal Psychological Science in 2012; she is also co-author of a study of moral judgments in adults with autism that was reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

###

The study, "Moral Realism as Moral Motivation: The Impact of Meta-Ethics on Everyday Decision-Making," was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. It appears in the March 2013 print edition of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.11.013.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/bc-rm012913.php

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Monday, January 28, 2013

An iOS 6.1 Jailbreak for iPhone 5 Is Definitely Probably Maybe Coming This Sunday

iPhone 5 users have been waiting a long, long time for a jailbreak. Sure, the current versions of iOS have been opened, but unlucky kids with A6 chips and the fancy new Apple devices they come in have been out of luck. But no longer! Probably. More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/DGUBupA-4so/an-ios-61-jailbreak-for-iphone-5-is-definitely-probably-maybe-coming-this-sunday

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Israel's comatose Sharon showing brain activity

JERUSALEM (AP) ? A team of Israeli and U.S. scientists say new tests on comatose former Prime Minister Ariel Sharon show significant brain activity.

Ben-Gurion University on Sunday said Sharon responded to external stimuli at Soroka Hospital in Beersheba.

He was shown pictures of his family and listened to recordings of his son's voice while undergoing a special brain imaging scan. The university said "significant brain activity was observed ... indicating appropriate processing of these stimulations."

However, Sharon remains in a deep coma.

Sharon, 84, led Israel from 2001 until suffering a stroke in 2006. Since then, he has been in a vegetative state, connected to a respirator.

Sharon was a storied military officer who fought in three wars before entering politics. He unilaterally withdrew Israeli troops and settlers from Gaza in 2005.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israels-comatose-sharon-showing-brain-activity-191936364.html

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Fiction Writers Review ? Blog Archive ? Close Up the Little Devil: An ...

Zachary KarabashlievI met Zachary Karabashliev in Bulgaria in the summer of 2012, and have two indelible impressions of him that I won?t be able to shake. The first came at a restaurant during the final night of the Sozopol Fiction Seminars. The program?s founder, Elizabeth Kostova, hushed everyone for an ?announcement? and then?having been encouraged by several regular participants?proceeded to start singing in Bulgarian, surprising everyone who did not know her deep background in the nation?s folk music. The Bulgarians quickly joined in, and the singing went on well past three in the morning, when I conked out.

Through the songs (Bulgarian intermixed with American pop and a few old Socialist tunes) I kept seeing a man in denim jumping up and down with infectious excitement and energy. He looked about my age, with a bit of gray at the temples?just old enough to have done the pogo at a punk rock show back in the day?and he exuded the kind of vibe it?s almost impossible to be downhearted around.

This jumping man turned out to be Zachary Karabashliev, whose novel 18% Gray had been phenomenally popular in Bulgaria; though it only came out there in 2008, Bulgarians voted it as one of their one hundred most-loved books of all time. (Open Letter books, at the University of Rochester, has now published an English translation.) I went to his book fair event at the National Palace of Culture in Sofia, where he took questions and comments from a standing-room only crowd. After one woman spoke, Karabashliev put a hand to his heart and said a quiet, simple thank-you. I turned to my friend Bistra Velichkova for a translation.

?She said ?Thank you for telling my story,?? Bistra whispered to me, and I realized that I was in the presence of a big-hearted man who is able to touch people in a way that not all writers can. I met Karabashliev, got him to sign the Bulgarian edition of 18% Gray, and awaited the English translation. When I got my advance copy, I was surprised to see that the novel?s protagonist was a man?hadn?t the woman thanked its author for telling her story? When I read it, I understood what she meant. 18% Gray takes readers to that messy, sloshy place inside us where we don?t understand what we?re doing or why. It?s a place we?ve all been to, and Karabashliev is an outstanding and empathetic guide on the journey there and back.

The novel follows Zack, a Bulgarian photographer living in California, whose wife Stella has just disappeared. Distraught, he gets himself into Tijuana Traffic Jam by Richard Masoner on flickrtrouble in Tijuana and ends up coming back to the US with a large bag of pot in the back of a stolen van. He ditches his job observing clinical pharmaceutical tests?one he?d given up his own creative aspirations for, and which ultimately fueled Stella?s burgeoning artistic career?and embarks on a picaresque cross-country journey to New York. There, he learns a bit more about himself and his life than he would care to know.

The strongest aspects of the novel are the empathy Karabashliev builds up for his protagonist and his bullseye details?I think these two are related, as we are always in a world that is viscerally and specifically Zack?s. Walking through a neighborhood, he sees ?bluish light flickering through the blinds, framed family pictures on the walls, posters of movie stars in the kids? rooms, pianos with the lids down?? The descriptions are concisely kaleidoscopic, and they drive the narrative of 18% Gray.

The title of this interview comes from a scene where Zack stops by the roadside and makes a square out of four sticks. ?Every time I lost something as a kid and I tried to find it and couldn?t, I?d get angry and be impossible to calm down. My grandma would tell me to close up the little devil. You close up the little devil with whatever is at hand?tree branches, pencils, or what have you. The important thing is to make some kind of a square and to imagine the little devil inside it. Then you find whatever you?ve lost.?

I can?t put my finger on why this scene is so resonant to me, or even thematically central to 18% Gray. But it?s my title and I?m sticking to it, maybe because it reflects how Karabashliev dropped me into the realm of non-understanding?right where I like books to go, because it?s where we humans live.


Interview:

Eighteen_Percent_Gray-webSteven Wingate: With an author named Zachary who transplanted from Bulgaria to southern California and a narrator named Zachary who did the same, readers can be forgiven for assuming there?s some autobiography to 18% Gray. I?m not interested in parsing out what?s autobiography and what?s not, but I?m curious to hear how you used autobiography?which I imagine varies across the scope of the book.

Zachary Karabashliev: I used it just like all the writers I respect and learn from used it before me?I borrow often and shamelessly. I used it as a warehouse of events that happened or almost happened at some point. 18% Gray is about a fictional character whose story I create using stuff I have direct access to.

Example: The violent Tijuana episode, which put Zack?s journey in motion, actually did happen. Only it didn?t happen in Mexico, but in Bulgaria, years ago, at a particular company Christmas party. I remember having too much fun, perhaps a few drinks too many, dancing, laughing, the whole deal?. Then I go out of the crowded restaurant to get some fresh air and the next thing I see is two men kicking the crap out of someone already knocked out on the ground. Vicious, savage scene. So I did what I did in real life, and ten years later that episode became the ?inciting incident? in my novel, the point that takes our protagonist out of his comfortable numbness.

Another example: the main character is a failed artist, a photographer who turns into a con artist, faking his way to land a job in the lucrative pharmaceutical industry. He fabricates an entire fictitious professional background, a fake past. He counterfeits a Neuroscience degree, finds a recruiter, goes from interview to interview, negotiates his future salary. In real life I stopped short of taking the position I was offered. To this day I remember how sick it made me feel, physically sick. Being a fraud takes the life out of you. Now, five years later, I still get emails from recruiters in the pharmaceutical industry?it?s insane.

So much of 18% Gray is autobiographical, but, everything is very fluid and goes both ways. Writing the novel I borrowed from real life, but after it was published, certain things in real life happened exactly like they were borrowed from the novel. Strange.

In person, you?re a buoyant, upbeat, and funny guy, and I see your humor in this novel?for instance, ?I can?t just burst out of the bedroom nude and start chasing off criminals like in a Swedish film.? Can you talk about the role of humor in your writing, and in this book in particular?

Ah, humor? I believe we humans share some common languages. Love (sex) is a universal language.? Violence/War is a universal language. Friendship/Hospitality also?. I think of humor as language, yet it?s so hard to translate at times. The first culture shock I experienced moving to the US (not knowing more than a hundred words in English) was not the skyscrapers, not the highways, not the lack of public transportation or the abundance of everything else. It was the realization of one brutal truth?I was not capable of understanding the language of humor. I wouldn?t get the comedy on Saturday Night Live, I wouldn?t grasp why others were laughing at certain things, which I thought were not funny. Also, I was not funny at all?I couldn?t crack a joke to save my life. It was worse than hunger. Some time went by before I felt comfortable with the language of humor, before I felt I belonged. One can truly feel at home only if one can laugh with the hosts.

On humor and writing?you, as a writer know how important it is. I balance this twisted and sad love story with a lot of humor, especially in the skewed way Zack sees the world and deals with it. Humor is Attitude. Attitude is Character. Character is Action.

At times I completely forgot that I was reading a novel written in another tongue, which is a credit to the fine translating job done by Angela Rodel. But I suspect it might also have to do with how facile you are in the American idiom given your experience in the US. What was it like working with Angela, and can you talk about your relationship with American English? Did you ever consider writing 18% Gray in your adopted language?

Working with Angela Rodel doesn?t feel like working. The first time I met her was at a book release party in Sofia. We talked for some time in Bulgarian, before I asked her where she was from and she told me she was an American. I was blown away by her Bulgarian. She had read the novel in Bulgarian, we talked about how cool it would be to share it with the American audience. Later, she translated some of my short stories into English and one of them was shortlisted for the Best European Stories collection?it is a fine, fine translation. Angela is a professional musician?I believe this has a lot to do with the way she translates. Funny, now thinking about it, my French translator Marrie Vrinat was also a musician, before she became a full time translator, linguist and college professor.? So maybe there is something about music and language.

My relationship with American English? Emotional. There are days that I feel I own it. And there are days I feel so helpless and I just want go back to Bulgaria where everybody speaks the same language, and I can say everything I want. I was twenty nine when I came to this country and for the first time in my life I had to actually think before I speak. (You see?I hadn?t tried that before.) What words to use, how to build a sentence, what tense and so on?. I had to listen more. That shut my mouth for a while. It was cruel. It made me appreciate thinking. Sometimes I dream in English the way I dream playing the guitar, like a virtuoso. It?s also funny that when I think in English I have no accent.

About writing 18% Gray in my adopted language: I?ve written plays and screenplays in English. And after a round of editing (with Angela Rodel) I feel good. I have an ear for dialogue, and I am okay with action sequences, and/or stage directions?it?s just straightforward writing. But I am aware of my limitations. I don?t feel confident enough to write prose?it will keep me within the boundaries of what I have acquired so far linguistically, and it?s just not enough. So I need my translator. At the end of the day you?ve raised your horses, now you have to trust someone to take them across the river and sell them in town. Someone who knows how.Sofia, Bulgaria

I?ve been reading a lot of Bulgarian fiction lately, and this novel feels less self-consciously Bulgarian to me. Even a book like Miroslav Penkov?s East of the West, written in the US in English, feels like it studiously considers ?What is Bulgaria?? and ?What does it mean to be Bulgarian?? In your novel, Bulgaria comes across as (so Zachary calls it) ?a small country north of Greece.? Am I on to something here, or am I simply being seduced by all that southern California glitz, smog, and surf?

My collections of short stories are much more Bulgarian than my novel. I hope to share them with the American readers someday. Even though Bulgaria is the fabric of everything I have ever written, I don?t write about Bulgaria. In my writing I try to consider ?What does it mean to be this person, at this moment?? Being Bulgarian? What does it mean? Being Steve, Zack, Philip, Ivan, Joe, Bob is what interests me. I am busy tying to get into the character?s head?if it happens to be a Bulgarian head, great. We will learn a thing or two about being Bulgarian, growing up in a country about which the world knows virtually nothing.

But I can?t write with the big picture in mind. It confuses me. I like a tight POV, an unreliable narrator, I like being extremely personal, delving into the elemental. Writing about your own country is a weird task. Orhan Pamuk does it so well, right? He is exceptional in describing Istanbul in Museum of Innocence, or Kars in Snow, but there are moments that I catch myself thinking?this is so premeditated, redundant for native readers, made not for Turkish audience, but rather for cultural export. Yet, this is far from the truth. If we accept that the past is a foreign country, we should write about it accordingly. What I?ve read by Miroslav Penkov captures glimpses of unique Bulgarian experience and makes them universally intriguing, hilarious, and widely recognized?no Bulgarian writer has done this before.

The author bio mentions that you?ve written a screenplay for 18% Gray, which is in development. The novel has its cinematic elements, most obviously its use of third person present tense narration. Yet you break completely from the cinematic model in other ways?something I think is crucial for fiction writers to do because the cinematic aesthetic is so omnipresent that it threatens to engulf everything else in narrative culture. In what ways do you see yourself embracing or distancing yourself from the cinematic?

It?s funny how after cinema adopted the rules of millennia of storytelling and practically hijacked the ?hero?s journey? (the monomyth) now, we fiction writers have to deal with and challenge that. Cinema replicates narrative tradition with new means, but in terms of storytelling it has not invented all that much.

The feedback from my readers unanimously touches on the cinematic aesthetic of the novel. ?It was like I was watching a movie,? ?I read it in one day,? and so on. And I take that as a compliment. I guess that was also the appeal for the producers to buy the film rights and trust me with writing the script. I love film. But 18% Gray was conceived and constructed as a novel. It was not meant to be a surrogate for a movie. Even though I employ techniques from screenwriting, and at times borrow from the visual arts, I am not an advocate for the ?show don?t tell? doctrine that has dominated the craft of too many fiction writers for the last I-don?t-know-how-many years.

Our civilization today is ruled by the visual, and this is normal?nearly a third of our brain is dedicated to vision. Through brain scanning, neuroscience and linguistics research shows that while reading words, we use the same cognitive tools that allow us to react to our environment, reconstruct memories, and so on. So if you want to be ?heard? as a writer, you need to ?show? more. Great, but that makes us, storytellers, compete with visual artists (especially film makers) for the mercy of the almighty Visual Cortex.? Well, what about Proust then? Dostoyevsky? James Joyce? What about Kundera, or Robert Pirsig, or a long line of writers that like to not just show, but tell us what they think about things?

I like ?show and tell.? Looking back now, I think I have used certain cinematic approaches to bribe the reader?s attention, to suspend disbelief and hold attention to the words. I never take my reader?s attention for granted. I always feel I have to fight for it.

There?s quite a bit of braiding in this book?three different skeins of time intercutting with each other. How did you do that braiding on a practical, hands-on level? Did you write one continuous thread of the narrative out and then cut them up, or a lot of jumps back and forth in a given draft?

The braiding as it is now follows the way I wrote the novel. I started with the first person, present tense narrative and continued with no break for, let?s say 70 or so pages. The ?iceberg? was there, you see, the NOW narrative. But then I didn?t know what to do with it. I was stuck there on that iceberg for about three years. When I finally shared it with a friend, an editor, and she started asking me why this, and why that, I realized I needed to pull more from underneath in order to move ahead. And I did. And the other narrative surfaced?past tense, the BEFORE story.

The third skein, the disembodied dialogues, came the latest. I needed quiet, calm places for breathing, neither NOW, nor BEFORE, neither HERE, nor THERE. I wanted them visually distinct, so they are aligned kind of weird?to the right of the page. The actual braiding of the text came late, in the ?editing? room as if I was working with film footage. To me, that was the most gratifying aspect of writing.

The PhotographerThis book revolves around art; Zack is a photographer (as you were professionally), and his beloved Stella is a painter. ?That?s what every true collector wants,? says one of your characters toward the end of the novel, ?to buy a piece of life.? I imagine you feel the same way about fiction. How, for you, did writing this novel capture the life of person who made it?

There is this Bulgarian folk ballad of the ?walled-in bride.? It has many variations, but in short it tells the story of three brothers ?who are building something important, a fortress maybe. Well, they build during the day, but it mysteriously falls down at night. Something is preventing them from getting the job done. So they somehow agree that a human sacrifice is needed.? The brothers decide that whichever of their wives comes first to the site in the morning will be walled in.

The two elder brothers warn their wives. The youngest brother doesn?t tell his young, still-nursing wife about the horrible trap. So early in the morning she wakes up, cooks food for all the brothers and shows up at the construction site. The youngest brother is devastated, he is crying, but he remains true to his word. He pretends he drops his wedding ring by the destructed walls and asks her to go down and find it. She does. They wall her in. She is immured. The building is built.

Obviously this cruel tale is not just about construction contractors and their wives. Without going too Jungian about it, we can interpret it as asking this question: as artists, are we ready to sacrifice what we love the most to finish the work we are summoned to do? Are we? Which brother am I? You? What did you wall in, building your little fortress? Your time, your joy, your love?

What?s the first-book experience in America like for you so far compared to how it was in Bulgaria? What are some of the constants, the differences?

The first feedback from the few advanced copies given away is amazingly similar to the first reception it had in Bulgaria. I hope and pray to be able to touch my American readers. As always, I remain cautiously optimistic.


Links & Resources

  • Read an excerpt of 18% Gray online.
  • Buy 18% Gray from Open Letter Books.
  • Learn more about the Sozopol Fiction Seminar.
  • For more information on Karabashliev or his work, please visit the author?s Website.

Source: http://fictionwritersreview.com/interviews/close-up-the-little-devil-an-interview-with-zachary-karabashliev

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Sunday, January 27, 2013

Israel's comatose Sharon showing brain activity

(AP) ? A team of Israeli and U.S. scientists say new tests on comatose former Prime Minister Ariel Sharon show significant brain activity.

Ben-Gurion University on Sunday said Sharon responded to external stimuli at Soroka Hospital in Beersheba.

He was shown pictures of his family and listened to recordings of his son's voice while undergoing a special brain imaging scan. The university said "significant brain activity was observed ... indicating appropriate processing of these stimulations."

However, Sharon remains in a deep coma.

Sharon, 84, led Israel from 2001 until suffering a stroke in 2006. Since then, he has been in a vegetative state, connected to a respirator.

Sharon was a storied military officer who fought in three wars before entering politics. He unilaterally withdrew Israeli troops and settlers from Gaza in 2005.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/bbd825583c8542898e6fa7d440b9febc/Article_2013-01-27-ML-Israel-Sharon/id-99b6016594a14f62ab55cc8183eb8e0b

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AP Interview: CERN chief firmer on 'God particle'

Director General of CERN, Rolf-Dieter Heuer, gestures as he speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at the World Economic Forum, WEF, in Davos, Switzerland, Saturday, Jan. 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)

Director General of CERN, Rolf-Dieter Heuer, gestures as he speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at the World Economic Forum, WEF, in Davos, Switzerland, Saturday, Jan. 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)

Director General of CERN, Rolf-Dieter Heuer, gestures as he speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at the World Economic Forum, WEF, in Davos, Switzerland, Saturday, Jan. 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)

Participants leave the Congress Center the last day of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, WEF, in Davos, Switzerland, Saturday, Jan. 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Keystone/Laurent Gillieron)

(AP) ? The world should know with certainty by the middle of this year whether a subatomic particle discovered by scientists is a long-sought Higgs boson, the head of the world's largest atom smasher said Saturday.

Rolf Heuer, director of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, or CERN, said he is confident that "towards the middle of the year, we will be there." By then, he said reams of data from the $10 billion Large Hadron Collider on the Swiss-French border near Geneva should have been assessed.

The timing could also help Scottish physicist Peter Higgs win a Noble Prize, Heuer said in an interview with The Associated Press in the Swiss resort of Davos.

CERN's atom smasher helped scientists declare in July their discovery of a new subatomic particle that Heuer calls "very, very like" a Higgs boson, that promises a new realm of understanding the universe.

The machine, which has been creating high-energy collisions of protons to investigate dark matter, antimatter and the creation of the universe, is being put to rest early this year. The data from it, however, takes longer to analyze.

"Suppose the Higgs boson is a special snowflake. So you have to identify the snowflake, in a big snowstorm, in front of a background of snowfields," Heuer said by way of analogy. "That is very difficult. You need a tremendous amount of snowfall in order to identify the snowflakes and this is why it takes time."

He said the standard model of particle physics describes only 5 percent of the universe, which many theorize occurred in a massive explosion known as the Big Bang.

To explain how subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons and neutrons, were themselves formed, Higgs and others in the 1960s envisioned an energy field where particles interact with a key particle, the Higgs boson.

The idea was that other particles attract Higgs bosons and the more they attract, the bigger their mass will be. But a big question remains: Is this new particle a variation of the Higgs boson, or the same as the Higgs boson that was predicted?

The phrase "God particle," coined by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Leon Lederman, is used by laymen, not physicists, more as an explanation for how the subatomic universe works than how it all started.

"Now, if there is a deviation in one of the properties of this Higgs boson, that means we open a new window, for example, hopefully into the part of the dark universe, the 95 percent of the unknown universe," said Heuer.

"If you find the deviation," he added, "that means if it is not the ? but a ? Higgs boson, then we might find a fantastic window into the dark universe so we would make another giant leap from the visible to the dark."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2013-01-26-EU-Davos-Forum-God-Particle/id-0b997fa7e2724b42814b1d85bbf3b2ff

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Computer tech wins LeBron's contest

MIAMI (AP) ? A 50-year-old computer technician from McHenry, Ill., made a half-court shot to win $75,000 and a hug from LeBron James.

As part of a contest sponsored by James' foundation, Michael Drysch hit a hook shot from midcourt between periods of Friday's game between the Miami Heat and Detroit Pistons.

James watched from the bench, and when the shot swished in, he happily sprinted toward Drysch and embraced him, and both tumbled to the court.

"Nice way to meet somebody," Drysch said. "I can't believe it."

The long shot was a long shot, especially given Drysch's shooting form.

"When he wound up I was like, 'Oh no, there's no way,'" James said. "When it dropped, that was awesome. I would have probably air-balled that one in that situation."

Drysch said he practiced the shot and made "maybe 1 percent."

"That was crazy," Heat guard Dwyane Wade said. "The place erupted. It was like it was when we won the finals."

Coach Erik Spoelstra was drawing up a play in front of the Heat bench when Drysch sank his shot.

"I heard the eruption, and I turned and I saw LeBron absolutely tackle him," Spoelstra said.

"I had no idea what was going on. That fan, while he'll love the $75,000, having that on video ? LeBron James tackling you at half court in front of 20,000 ? I think will be the longer-lasting memory."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/computer-tech-wins-lebrons-contest-043043583--spt.html

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Saturday, January 26, 2013

Emotional stress reduces effectiveness of prostate cancer therapies ...

WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. ? Jan. 25, 2013 ? Not surprisingly, a cancer diagnosis creates stress. And patients with prostate cancer show higher levels of anxiety compared to other cancer patients.

A new study by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center indicates that stress is not just an emotional side effect of the diagnosis; it also can reduce the effectiveness of prostate cancer drugs and accelerate the development of prostate cancer.

The findings are published in the February issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

The Wake Forest Baptist team, headed by George Kulik, D.V.M., Ph.D., associate professor of cancer biology, tested the effects of behavioral stress in two different mouse models of prostate cancer.

One model used mice that were implanted with human prostate cancer cells and treated with a drug that is currently in clinical trial for prostate cancer treatment. When the mice were kept calm and free of stress, the drug destroyed prostate cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth. However, when the mice were stressed, the cancer cells didn't die and the drug did not inhibit tumor growth.

In the second model, mice genetically modified to develop prostate cancer were used. When these mice were repeatedly stressed, the size of prostate tumors increased. When the mice were treated with bicalutamide, a drug currently used to treat prostate cancer, their prostate tumors decreased in size. However, if mice were subjected to repeated stress, the prostate tumors didn't respond as well to the drug.

After analyzing the data, the Wake Forest Baptist researchers identified the cell signaling pathway by which epinephrine, a hormone also known as adrenaline, sets off the cellular chain reaction that controls cell death. Considering that prostate cancer diagnosis increases stress and anxiety levels, stress-induced activation of the signaling pathway that turns off the cell death process may lead to a vicious cycle of stress and cancer progression, Kulik said.

Yet in both models in which the mice were given beta-blocker, stress did not promote prostate tumor growth. Beta-blocker is a drug that inhibits the activation of anti-death signaling by epinephrine.

"Providing beta-blockers to prostate cancer patients who had increased epinephrine levels could improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies," Kulik said. "Our findings could be used to indentify prostate cancer patients who will benefit from stress reduction or from pharmacological inhibition of stress-inducing signaling."

The researchers now plan to test the same signaling mechanism that was identified in mice to determine if it also works in the same way in human prostates, Kulik said.

"We are at the very beginning of understanding complex stress-cancer interactions with multifaceted responses to stress that affect cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and the organism overall," he said. "We hope that components of this signaling pathway could be used as biomarkers to predict whether and how a given tumor will respond to stress and anti-stress therapies."

Source: http://www.sciencecodex.com/emotional_stress_reduces_effectiveness_of_prostate_cancer_therapies_in_animal_model-105720

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China-Hollywood Connection Changes Movie Business (Voice Of America)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/279629337?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Cat born without leg bones getting operation thanks to Facebook donors

Harvey the cat is a four-month-old kitten born without bones in the front of his legs. For now, he?s happy and healthy. But the rare genetic condition could lead to spinal problems and other health issues for Harvey later on in life. But doctors will now insert metal pins into Harvey?s legs thanks to a successful fundraising effort from cat lovers on Facebook.

STV News reports that Harvey suffers from radial agenesis. His former owner put Harvey up for adoption on a pet website, stating that the kitten suffered from broken bones. But when he was taken in by Scotland?s Cat Protection group, they found he actually didn?t have any bones in his front legs.

"A friend of the branch spotted him Gumtree,? Lorraine Currie, co-ordinator of Cats Protection's Glasgow branch, told STV. "She felt sorry for him and took him home but it became clear he needed a lot of treatment and that's when we got involved."

Cats Protection announced on their Facebook page that they were attempting to raise funds for an operation to help Harvey and took in nearly $5,000 from hundreds of donors in less than two days.

It?s expected that it will take several months after the operation before Harvey is back to total functionality. But he?s expected to make a full recovery. After that, Cats Protection will adopt him out to a permanent owner.

"He's a lovely wee thing and because Harvey was born that way he doesn't know there's anything wrong with him,? Harvey's ?foster carer? Liz McCulloch told STV. ?So, he runs around on his elbows and happily plays with my other cat and dog."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/cat-born-without-leg-bones-getting-operation-thanks-011228150.html

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Friday, January 25, 2013

Tracking the spread of dengue fever: Domestic networks drive rapid transmission of human infection

Tracking the spread of dengue fever: Domestic networks drive rapid transmission of human infection

Friday, January 25, 2013

The mosquitoes that spread dengue fever tap into the domestic networks of humans, along with their bloodstreams, finds a study recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

The data from Iquitos, Peru, shows that the trail of the most rapid transmission of human infections does not lead through large, public gathering places, as might be expected, but from house-to-house, as people visit nearby friends and relatives.

"It's common in a dengue fever outbreak to first treat public places like schools for mosquitoes, but our results show the focus needs to be on residential networks," says disease ecologist Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec.

Vazquez-Prokopec and Uriel Kitron, both from Emory University's department of environmental studies, conducted the spatial-temporal analysis as co-authors of the study, led by Steve Stoddard and Thomas Scott from the University of California, Davis. The research is part of a major, ongoing dengue project that also includes scientists from the U.S. Navy; the University of Iowa; Tulane University; San Diego State; and researchers in Peru.

"On a global scale, human air travel is known as a driver of dengue virus circulation, but this is the first time we've quantified the powerful impact of human movement on the small scale of neighborhoods," Vazquez-Prokopec says.

The tropical disease is caused by a virus that is passed from the blood of one person to another through the bites of mosquitoes. Also known as "break-bone fever," dengue causes debilitating pain leading to the hospitalization of many sufferers. Severe cases can be fatal.

"It is vicious, and rapidly growing as a threat," Vazquez-Prokopec says.

During the last 50 years, the incidence of dengue has increased 30-fold and more than half the world's population is now at risk. The World Health Organization estimates that 50-100 million dengue infections occur each year. That number is expected to rise as the climate warms and the trend toward urbanization continues.

During 2009 and 2010, dengue fever emerged for the first time in decades in the contiguous United States, when an outbreak in the Florida Keys led to 93 cases.

The dengue virus is complex and has at least four different serotypes. Each time a person is infected with one serotype, it raises the risk that they will become more severely ill if infected by a different serotype.

"There is no vaccine for dengue. The only way to control outbreaks is to kill the vectors ? mosquitoes," Vazquez-Prokopec says. Many of the places affected have poor public health infrastructure, he adds, so it's critical to identify the most effective places to spray for the insects.

A 2009 outbreak of dengue in Iquitos killed at least 24 people and drove almost 1,000 sufferers to the hospital, where cots had to be set up in stairwells and hallways to handle the flood of patients.

A city of 400,000 located deep in the Amazonian rain forest, Iquitos is essentially an island, only accessible by boat or plane. The city has high unemployment, and the housing is often substandard. Water is stored in open containers in crowded homes that lack air-conditioning, or even window screens. These factors make the homes havens for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the primary vector for the dengue virus. These mosquitoes feast almost exclusively on human blood, bite during the day, and have a limited flight range of about 100 meters.

To study how the dengue virus spreads through Iquitos, the researchers tracked and mapped outbreak patterns of two large neighborhoods, encompassing hundreds of homes, over several years. When a case of dengue was confirmed through a blood test, social workers would interview the patient, recording all the places the patient went during the 15 days leading up to the onset of fever. Mosquitos were collected from as many of these locations as possible and tested to determine if they carried the virus.

The data from interviews of 2,000 people was plotted over time and space using geographic information systems (GIS) technology.

"People appear to be getting infected most often in homes, but not necessarily their own homes," Vazquez-Prokopec says. "The main driver is people visiting friends and relatives in nearby homes."

Interviews with dengue patients revealed that two-thirds of them had visited the same location.

"We suspect that the importance of human movement that we observed in Iquitos will hold in other populations and for other pathogens transmitted by the mosquitos that spread dengue," Vazquez-Prokopec says. "The findings provide a different way for thinking about how a vector-borne pathogen may spread through a population, and have implications for better disease surveillance and control."

###

Emory University: http://www.emory.edu

Thanks to Emory University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126448/Tracking_the_spread_of_dengue_fever__Domestic_networks_drive_rapid_transmission_of_human_infection_

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Sony fined ?250,000 in the UK over 2011 hacking fiasco

Sony fined 250,000 over last year's hacking fiasco

A UK government agency has slapped Sony's wrist with a £250,000 penalty for not doing enough to protect the personal information of its customers. The fine specifically concerns the large-scale PSN hack in April 2011, which the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) says "could have been prevented." The agency's head, David Smith, said that the security measures Sony had in place "were simply not good enough." He added that Sony trades on its technical expertise, and had access to the necessary expertise to protect itself from criminal attacks:

"There's no disguising that this is a business that should have known better."

Though the size of the fine might seem piddling for an outfit like Sony, the ICO considers it to be a "substantial" punishment, reflecting the fact that this case is "one of the most serious" that has ever been reported to it. Check out David Smith's statement and best angry teacher face in the video after the break.

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Comments

Source: ICO

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/yh_NTjrpQVw/

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